Aidan O'Brien's colt was a shock 40/1 winner of the premier Classic on the Surrey Downs at the start of June and aimed to become the Ballydoyle handler's fifth dual Derby winner at the Curragh.
He finished a close-up third behind stablemate Capri and John Gosden's Cracksman, but it proved to be his final racecourse appearance.
A statement issued by Coolmore to Press Association Sport read: "Epsom Derby winner Wings Of Eagles was found to be lame this morning after running in the Dubai Duty Free Irish Derby at the Curragh yesterday.
"He was examined today in his box in Ballydoyle by the attending veterinary surgeon who diagnosed a fracture of his left front sesamoid.
"Sadly this is a career ending injury."
Wings Of Eagles, a son of a Derby winner himself in Pour Moi, made his racecourse debut at last summer's Galway Festival, finishing down the field, before opening his account at Killarney.
He kicked off his three-year-old campaign by finishing second to stablemate Venice Beach in the Chester Vase before his surprise victory at Epsom in the hands of Padraig Beggy.
Beggy was replaced by Ryan Moore on Saturday and was beaten just half a length.
O'Brien said: "You're always worried when they pull out and he pulled out very sore this morning.
"When the lads X-rayed him, his sesamoid had completely come apart. It's incredible he ran the race he did with that.
"We're very sorry to lose him because he was a very unusual horse in that he stayed very well but quickened very well.
"It's just one of those things. It's a pity."
O'Brien also revealed Wings Of Eagles could undergo an operation on Monday, while Capri is set for a midsummer break.
"It was incredible that he ran the race he did with the injury. When John saw it, there was absolutely no chance that he'd ever race again," the trainer continued.
"John was saying that he might get Ger (Kelly) to put a pin in it on Monday.
"I was just speaking to JP (Magnier) on the way home last night and and we were saying he was a perfect horse to have a mid-season break and then give him a prep for the Arc.
"That's the type of horse that we thought he was going to be.
"We're very happy with all the other horses and they all pulled out perfect.
"Obviously the lads will talk among themselves and see what they want to do, but I'd imagine Capri will have a mid-summer break and come back for an autumn campaign."
