Peaty features after gaining a spot automatically by winning his event in a qualification-standard time at the British Championships in Sheffield last week.
That was also achieved by Max Litchfield, Duncan Scott, Ben Proud and Jocelyn Ulyett.
Peaty will defend his 100m and 50m breaststroke world titles at the Budapest competition in July.
His and Scott's fellow Olympic medallists Siobhan-Marie O'Connor, Chris Walker-Hebborn, James Guy - the reigning world 200m freestyle champion - and Stephen Milne are also included in the team after registering 'consideration' times last week.
Jazz Carlin, who claimed Olympic silvers in the 400m and 800m freestyle in Rio last summer, failed to make the consideration bracket with her times last week but won the longer event and has been included on a discretionary basis.
British Swimming head coach Bill Furniss said: "It (the British Championships) was a tough week but we saw some very good performances as both athletes and coaches rose to the challenge.
"I think it was a typical first selection competition following an Olympic Games. Some of our athletes that were successful in Rio, and had an extended break afterwards, did well yet others did not fire on all cylinders. This is to be expected.
"However, we've got all of our top swimmers there along with an exciting group of juniors that came through and showed themselves and their potential to achieve within the international arena.
"It's a good balance between youth and senior, and will create a positive and productive dynamic within the squad."
British Swimming team for the 2017 World Championships: Adam Peaty, Jocelyn Ulyett, Max Litchfield, Duncan Scott, Ben Proud, Hannah Miley, Chris Walker-Hebborn, James Guy, Calum Jarvis, Nick Grainger, Ross Murdoch, Molly Renshaw, Daniel Jervis, Charlotte Atkinson, Georgia Davies, Sarah Vasey, Alys Thomas, Freya Anderson, Stephen Milne, James Wilby, Aimee Willmott, Holly Hibbott, Siobhan-Marie O'Connor, Jazz Carlin, Abbie Wood, Rosie Rudin, Mark Szaranek, Luke Greenbank, Kathleen Dawson.
